Appendix A — References

Published

August 22, 2026

Master citation list for the Life Sciences AI Handbook, organized by topic area. Journal citations should resolve to the connected author, venue, year, and DOI record. Organizational, program, company, preprint, and regulatory claims should link to the controlling or primary source.

Protein Structure Prediction and Databases

Protein Design and Antibodies

Single-Cell and Cellular AI

Histopathology, Microscopy, and Cryo-EM

Perturbation Prediction

Systems Biology and Virtual Organisms

Genome and Variant Prediction

Organismal and Environmental Biology

Small Molecule and Drug Discovery

Chemical Biology, Diagnostics, and Cell Therapy

Drug Repurposing and Combination Therapy

Autonomous Laboratories and Agentic Science

Biomanufacturing

Evaluation and Reproducibility

Data Infrastructure and Public Resources

Biomedical Knowledge Graphs and Literature AI

Programs and Regulatory References

Target Identification and Human Genetics

Real-World Evidence and Biomarker AI

RNA, mRNA, and Vaccine Design

Frontier Lab Publications and Partnerships

Citation Verification

The handbook uses connected-record checks for author, venue, year, and DOI, plus primary-source checks for organizational, program, company, and regulatory claims. A resolving DOI or URL does not by itself prove that the source supports the sentence; claim-to-source alignment remains part of editorial review. The public citation method is documented in How to Cite This Handbook.

Known caveats from verification:

  • Evo 2 first author is Brixi, not Nguyen (Nguyen led Evo 1); the peer-reviewed paper is Nature 2026, not the earlier bioRxiv preprint
  • Chai-1 uses the corporate author “Chai Discovery”
  • Varadi AFDB 2024 NAR title says “in 2024” but Crossref publication year is 2023
  • AlphaProteo had no peer-reviewed publication in the evidence review completed August 12, 2026; the cited record is an arXiv preprint
  • Claude binder campaign had no peer-reviewed publication in the evidence review completed August 20, 2026; the cited record is an Anthropic company report. Anthropic stated that the binders are not drugs
  • Insilico ISM001-055 Phase 2a now has peer-reviewed randomized Nature Medicine evidence; no approval-level or pivotal-trial evidence is implied

For citation format conventions used throughout the handbook, see How to Cite.